How to Stress Syllables in English

Words are made up of letters and those letters create syllable sounds.  You can recognize a syllable by remembering that each one contains a vowel sound.  For example, in the word computer,  there are three syllables: com /  pu  /  ter. The word  bike, however, has only one syllable. A single syllable may contain as little as just one letter, or as many as five: idea - i / de / a (three syllables) cough - cough (one syllable) In words that have more than one syllable, one syllable will be stressed. In English, there are a number of word syllable stress patterns. Counting Syllables You can check how many syllables a word has by putting your hand under your chin and saying a word. Each time your chin moves to make a vowel sound, count a syllable. For example, the word difficult  moves your chin three times. Therefore, difficult is three syllables. Exercise Count the number of syllables in each of these words. Answers are below. housejacketglassesencyclopediaemployerinformationtroublemaker  thought  happyincoherent Answers 1 (house)2 (ja / ket)2 (gla / sses)6 (en / cy / clo / pe / di / a)3 (em / ploy / er)4 (in / for / ma / tion)4 (trou / ble /ma / ker)1 (thought)2 (ha / ppy)4 (in / co / her / ent) Word Syllable Stress In multi-syllable words, the stress falls on one of the syllables. The other syllables tend to be spoken quickly. This leads to sounds that are not clear (muted) on unstressed syllables. In order to improve your pronunciation, focus on pronouncing the stressed syllable clearly. However, dont be afraid to mute (not say clearly) the other unstressed vowels. For example: Listen  to these specific examples. Notice where the syllables are stressed: PersonNELTOtallyInDUstrialToMAtoFanTAstic One Syllable - Stressed All one-syllable words have the stress on the one syllable. The intonation should go down.   Listen  to the general pattern. EATDRINKSIGNWELL Two-Syllable First Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: GIantPICtureHEAting Second Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: toDAYaHEADaLLOW Three-Syllable First Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: ENergyOperateORganize Second Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: meMORialaSSUMPtioncaNAdian Third Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: employEEjapanESEvoluntEER Four-Syllable Second Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: psyCHOLogyeVAporatecerTIficate Third Syllable Stressed Listen  to the general pattern and these specific examples: poliTIcianindiVIdualrepuTAtion Double Vowel Sounds Its not the number of letters that make up a syllable, rather it is the number of single vowel sounds. Sometimes, a number of vowels combine to make just a single sound. For example: tree 1 sound goal 1 sound because 1 sound Common Double Vowel Sounds Its important to learn spelling patterns for these sounds. Here are some of the most common: ay - (diphthong EI sound)  play, say, may au - (long A sound) fault, launch, haunt augh - (long A sound) caught, taught, daughter augh - (short A sound as in cat) laugh ee - (long EE sound) tree, see, three ea - (long EE sound) each, peach, teach ea - (short E sound) dead, head, health ea - (long EE sound) break, steak, great eu - (long U sound) deuce, sleuth ei - (diphthong EI sound) beil, eight, weigh ey - (diphthong EI sound) they, grey eigh - (diphthong EI sound) eight, freight eigh - (long EE sound) seize eigh - (diphthong AI sound) height ie - (long EE sound) thief, pice ie - (long I sound) die, tie oo - (long U sound) moo, boo oo - (short U sound) book, foot oa - (long O sound) boat, moat oe - (long O sound) hoe, Joe oi - (diphthong OY sound) soil, toil ou - (long O sound) soul, your ou - (short U sound) tough, rough ue - (long U sound) cue, muse ui - (long U sound) fruit, juice Schwa for Unstressed Syllables Unstressed syllables keep the correct sound, but are muted. Sometimes, unstressed vowels become a  schwa sound  - like a soft uh sound. Listen  to these specific examples: LittleRepeatTomato At other times, the vowel is pronounced but not stressed. Listen  to these specific examples: IndustrialNoisily Generally speaking, stressed syllables retain a clear vowel sound, while unstressed syllables tend to soften towards a schwa-like sound.

Shortening or Apocopation of Spanish Words

In Spanish, there are just over a dozen  words that are shortened in certain sentence formations through what is known in linguistics as  apocope or apocopation. Apocopation is the  loss  of one or more sounds from the end of a word. The Rule With Singular Masculine Nouns The most common of these by far is uno, the number one, which is usually translated as a or an. It is shortened to un when it comes before a singular masculine noun: un muchacho,  a boy, but, it does retain the final vowel sound when in the feminine form,  una muchacha,  a girl. Here are other adjectives that are shortened when they precede a singular masculine noun. All but the last one, postrero, are very common. Word/Meaning Example Translation alguno "some" algà ºn lugar some place bueno "good" el buen samaritano the good Samaritan malo "bad" este mal hombre this bad man ninguno "no," "not one" ningà ºn perro no dog uno "one" un muchacho a boy primero "first" primer encuentro first encounter tercero "third" Tercer Mundo Third World postrero "last" mi postrer adià ³s my last goodbye For all the adjectives listed above, the usual form is retained when the words are followed by a feminine or plural noun. Examples include  algunos libros, which means  some books, and  tercera mujer, which means third woman. Five Other Common Words That Get Shortened There are five other common words that undergo apocopation: grande, meaning great; cualquiera,  meaning whatever; ciento, meaning one hundred santo, meaning Saint; and tanto, meaning so much. Grande The singular grande is shortened to gran before a noun in both the masculine and feminine. In that position, it usually means great. For an example look at  un gran momento, which means,  a great moment and  la gran explosià ³n, which means,  the great explosion. There is a case when  grande is not apocopated, and that is when it follows  mà ¡s. Examples include  el mà ¡s grande escape, meaning  the greatest escape, or  el mà ¡s grande americano, the greatest American. Cualquiera When used as an adjective, cualquiera, meaning  any in the sense of whatever, drops the -a before a noun whether masculine or feminine. Take at look at the following examples,  cualquier navegador, meaning  any browser, or  cualquier nivel, meaning  whatever level. Ciento The word for one hundred is shortened before a noun or when used as part of a number that it multiplies, for example,  cien dà ³lares, which means, 100 dollars, and  cien millones, which means,  100 million. The exception is that ciento  is not shortened within a number, for example, the number 112, would be spelled out and pronounced as  ciento doce. Santo The title for a saint is shortened before the names of most males, such as San Diego or San Francisco. To avoid awkward pronunciations, the long form Santo is retained if the following name begins with Do- or To-, such as in Santo Domingo or Santo Tomà ¡s. Tanto The adjective tanto, meaning, so much, gets shortened to tan when it is used as an adverb. When it becomes an adverb, its translation becomes so. For example, Tengo tanto dinero que no sà © quà © hacer con à ©l, which translates to, I have so much money I dont know what to do with it. An example of tanto being shortened and used as an adverb can be found in the following sentences, Rita es tan alta como Marà ­a, meaning Rita is as tall as Marà ­a, or Rita habla tan rà ¡pido como Marà ­a, meaning, Rita talks as fast as Marà ­a. Contrasting Apocopation in English and Spanish Although apocopes exist in Spanish and English, the terms is applied differently in the two languages. Apocopation in English is also called end-cut or final clipping, usually referring to the shortening of the end of a word while the word retains its meaning. Examples of apocopes include auto clipped from automobile and gym shortened from gymnasium. The same thing is sometimes done in Spanish—for example, one word for a bicycle, bici, is a shortened form of bicicleta. But such clipping isnt as common in Spanish and isnt typically given any particular grammatical name. Evidence of apocopation be seen in old spellings of words such as olde for olde, which used to be pronounced with a final vowel sounds. In modern spoken English, apocopation can be seen in words that end ing -ing, where the final sound is often shorted to -in without affecting the spelling. Key Takeaways Through a process known as apocopation, Spanish has 13 words (12 of them common) that are shortened before certain other words. The shortened word is known as an apocope.The most common apocopation is that of uno (one, a, or an), which it comes before a singular masculine noun.The term apocopation is used differently in English and Spanish grammar.

Essay about Narrative Styles In Poe, Melville, Hawthorne

narrative styles in Melville’s Bartleby, Poe’s Arthur Gordon Pym, and Hawthorne’s The House of Seven Gables. How all three authors utilize a â€Å"conversational† tone for the function of their work. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In works by three of the most classically American authors of the nineteenth century, Melville, Poe, and Hawthorne, a trait that can be considered common to all three authors is pronounced clearly as a means to their narration. This trait is that of deploying a narrative laden with- and moreover led by –conversational phrasing and asides. The flow of passages in these authors’ works, Bartleby, Arthur Gordon Pym, and The House of Seven Gables, takes on a spoken structure, and numerous operations are made by each†¦show more content†¦This feature is then emphasized when the narrator, having finished his resume of Nippers and Turkey, begins his next passage as though backtracking through his speech (pg. 10): â€Å"I should have stated before that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In The House of Seven Gables Nathaniel Hawthorne utilizes the conversational approach perhaps the most overtly of any of the three authors, at times situating the narration in the first person plural, which thereby has the effect of drawing an assumed commonality between the reader and the party of the narrator. Indeed his use of ‘we’ is scattered through the entire book, as in the passage (pg. 139): â€Å"We must not stain our page with any contemporary scandal, to a similar purport, that may have been whispered against the judge,† and the in this passage further on (pg. 139.): But it is too fruitful a subject, this of hereditary resemblances, -the frequent recurrence of which, in a direct line, is truly unaccountable, when we consider how large an accumulation of ancestry lies behind every man, at the distance of one or two centuries. We shall only add, therefore, that the Puritan- so, at least, says chimney-corner tradition, which so often preserves traits of character with marvelous fidelity –was bold, imperious, relentless, crafty†¦ †¦Whether the judge in any degree resembled him, the further progress of our narrative may show. 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Ethical Issues on Toyota - 4559 Words

M. Rahim Ejaz Learn How to Conduct Business Ethically What is the importance of business ethics? Business ethics reflect the behavior of a business firm with rest of the world. The dealing of a business house with its consumers, rivals, associated firms and every other body defines its business ethics to be good or bad. The history has many instances, where renowned business brands lost their reputation and were fined for following undesirable business manners. These ethics can help a business to grow and remain in healthy competition, though today’s competitive world is discouraging small and big business brands to remain ethical. With WSI business opportunity, you can learn methods of becoming sue. What we have learnt from the course†¦show more content†¦Simulation Overview: Business Ethics | Toyota Motors 2 M. Rahim Ejaz My personal experience about the Business Ethics Class I have learned a lot from Business Ethics both professionally and personally. I am a very spiritual person to begin with so I knew from the time I signed up that I would enjoy this class. One of the things I liked the most was Cases and Ethical Queries. Through those two exercises I was able to view other peoples opinions on some very important issues. It has definitely helped me to see why our society is struggling with ethical issues. It also makes me ask how did we let it get this far? I think through this class I have found the answer. I believe it is because we, Pakistanis, have no absolute authority. That is why some of my fellow students answered some of the questions that pertained to whether a certain issue is right or wrong as it would depend on the situation or they would never want to be known as the whistle blower. I dont believe that there are any gray areas. Stealing is wrong no matter the situation or what the person has stolen. 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Rizal Free Essays

1. Floro Quibuyen 2. Teodoro Agoncillo 1 st Nationalist view Reform movement did not cause the Revolution DICHOTOMY: REFORM REVOLUTION Renato Constantino Echoed Agoncillo Accepts: Essentialist characterization of Agoncillo DICHOTOMY RIZAL BONIFACIO 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Rizal or any similar topic only for you Order Now NOT based on historical FACTS FACTS: (REFORMIST) Province of Spain NOT for INDEPENDENCE Anti-Friar NOT anti-SPANIARD Not for Armed Revolution RIZAL: El Fili and Manifesto to the Filipino People Denounced the Revolution Antonio Luna: x Katipunan 4. MIDDLE CLASS Illustrados Economic interest Cautious and conservative MASSES Revolutionary consciousness born of praxis INARTICULATE MASSES â€Å" inchoate† revolutionary consciousness European Liberalism 5. REFORMIST Middle class Illustrados Rizal La Liga Filipina â€Å" hatred of the masses† REVOLUTIONARIES Masses Bonifacio Katipunan 6. RIZAL Assimilationist Self-serving Counter-revolutionary BONIFACIO Fighting for the country’s liberty 7. What are the â€Å"historical FACTS† How did the people of the 19 th century perceive events? 8. Why, of all heroes, was Rizal the most venerated in the 19 th century nationalist movement? What was it in Rizal’s life and works that struck a chord in popular imagination? What was Rizal’s nationalist agenda? How was it received by the revolutionaries? Did the people of the 19 th century perceive Liga and the Katipunan as ideologically and strategically opposed political organizations ? Did the revolutionaries perceive Rizal as an assimilationist and therefore opposed revolution ? Did they, for that matter, perceive Reform and Revolution as opposed political agendas? . Ileto’s : â€Å"history from below† Two opposite and irreconcilable meanings Modernist discourse Traditional discourse Reproduces the Agoncillo-Constantino binary opposites Answers the first 2 questions 10. MODERNIST Elite/official Liberal reformist Elite TRADITIONAL Folk/ vernacular Tagalog christ Masses â€Å" realm of the familiar† 11. RIZAL Prim and proper Sensitive Anti-SPAIN D EL PILAR Ambitious Politically shrewd Anti-FRIAR 12. Other scholars: Cesar Majul John Schumacher Sesuho Ikehata Austin Coates Leon Guerrero 13. 861-1882 : Formative years Calamba, Binan Ateneo and the Jesuits Gomburza Martyrdom Imprisonment of Teodora Alonzo Literary ventures Encounter with the guardia civil 14. 1882-1887: European Sojourn Enlightenment education Medical studies Patriotism Noli me tangere 1887-1888: The turning point Calamba Hacienda case 15. 1888-1892 : Second Sojourn Radicalization of Rizal Historical, ethnological, and linguistic studies Los Indios bravos Break with the del Pilar and La Solaridad El Filibusterismo 16. 1892-1896: The Moment of Truth Rizal and the Revolution La Liga Filipina and the Katipunan Exile to Dapitan Arrest Martyrdom 17. Strategy and tactics – Reform or Revolution Calamba Hacienda Case Rizal’s break with del Pilar’s La Solidaridad 18. Independence Peaceful struggle DREAM Assimilation MISTAKE 19. Letters to Blumentrit T he Filipinos had long wished for HISPANIZATION and they were wrong in aspiring for it. It is Spain and not the Philippines who ought to wish for the assimilation of the country. (Feb 21 1887) 20. A peaceful struggle shall always be a dream , for Spain will never learn the lesson of her South American colonies. Spain cannot learn what England and the United States have learned. But , under the present circumstances , we do not want separation from Spain. All that we ask is great attention, better education, better government, one or two representatives, and grater security for persons and our properties. Spain could always win the appreciation of Filipinos if she were only reasonable. But, quos vult perdere Jupiter, prius dementat! (Jan 26, 1887) 21. A peaceful struggle shall always be a dream , for Spain will never learn the lesson of her South American colonies. Spain cannot learn what England and the United States have learned. But , under the present circumstances , we do not want separation from Spain . All that we ask is great attention, better education, better government, one or two representatives, and grater security for persons and our properties. Spain could always win the appreciation of Filipinos is she were only reasonable. But, quos vult perdere Jupiter, prius dementat! (Jan 26, 1887) 22. Rizal’s pseudonym : Laong-la’an ( Ever Prepared ) Almost Fatalistic attitude Spain would never accede to the demand of reforms, and so, if the revolution was going to happen, it was going to happen ; one must, therefore , be prepared for any eventuality. (June 19, 1887) 23. I can assure you that I have no desire to take part in conspiracies which seem to me premature and risky in the extreme. But if the government drives us to it, that is to say, when there remains to us no other hope than to seek our ruin in war, when the Filipinos shall prefer to die rather than to endure their miseries any longer , than I too shall advocate violent means . It is Spain who must choose between peace and ruin†¦ I cannot believe that you, as a free man, as a citizen of Europe, would like to advise your good friend to endure all and to act like a cowardly man, without courage. Guerrero trans. 1963, 286) 24. Reform = Political TACTIC Distinguished from: Longer strategy of SEPARATISM NOT mutually exclusive (Reform vs Revolution) Rizal : did NOT have ILLUSION of the reform movement Appreciated: tactical value 25. Letter to del Pilar I am assiduously studying the events in our country. I believe that only intelligence can redeem us , in the material and in the spiritual. I still persist in this belief. Parliamentary representation will be a burden on the Philippines for a long time. If our countrymen felt otherwise than they do, we should reject any offer of such representation but, the way we are, with our countrymen indifferent, representation is good. It is better to be tied by the ankles than elbow to elbow . What can we do! (Guerrero) 26. The propaganda for assimilation is necessary but separatist propaganda should be even more active for the practical thing is to seek adherents in shaking off the yoke since we should not obtain and even if we did we would work for independence , banding together, making ourselves into apostles to gain men and money. For all this much study, a great deal of fact and prudence and no boasting of our strength will be required†¦ 27. †¦ I think you understand me well enough†¦ I shall go, then, to Manila and in all my acts keep ever in mind my duty as a separatist †¦ You already have then a follower around here who will work with constancy (Guerrero) 28. Agoncillo-Constantion Dichotomy Reform VS Revolution 19 th Century Reform = tactic Long-term: SEPARATISM Revolution 29. Develop national consciousness : Propaganda (REFORM) Attain nationhood Obtain the knowledge that was not available to the Philippines but come home and work among your people. How to cite Rizal, Essay examples

Monsters Are Real Donnie Darko free essay sample

DarkoIn storytelling, monsters are used to express the fears and worries of humans. They allow us to discover our values by questioning our morals through imagination and illusion. In both Donnie Darko and Pan’s Labyrinth illustrating real-life monsters Captain Videl and Jim Cunningham enhances our fear of monsters. These villains symbolize the vulnerability we feel as we identify ourselves with the victims of the attack. We can relate each example of monsters to an evolution of our fears throughout our lives. The fear we have of monsters stems from the idea that our moral imaginations shape the danger inside these beastly beings. As children, our vulnerability came from our fears of losing security. The monsters hiding under our beds taunted us with the threat that we’d be eaten and would never see our parents or that our most valued possession would be taken from us. This juvenile fear is illustrated in Pan’s Labyrinth through Captain Videl. We will write a custom essay sample on Monsters Are Real Donnie Darko or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He encompasses the threats we felt as children by being controlling and dominating, as he manipulates Pan and she loses her innocence. As we mature and the limits of our moral boundaries widen, the term â€Å"monster† evolves into something more complex. As we enter into adolescence, and later into adulthood, our fears become something less to do with security and more to do with a threat to our happiness. Our moral imagination evokes fears of defeat and failure, a fear that we formulate in ourselves. As we grow older, we also fear the world and others that we cannot control. In Donnie Darko, Jim Cunningham, embodies our fears of a predator. He is the real-life monster we fear everyday with his complex, dark and twisted secrets. Ultimately, both Donnie Darko and Pan’s Labyrinth effectively embody our illusions of fear from childhood to adulthood.

Understanding of a Business Model

Question: Discuss about the Understanding of a Business Model. Answer: Introduction Having the objective of successful business practice and revenue generation, a business organisation develops its business models. It can thus be said that a business model is the framework that is created in order to ensure strong business strategies on which a business is run. Modern day business analysts have changed their concept of ideal business models (Dudin et al., 2015). Earlier business models were based on the achieved net profit. However, digitalisation in business sector has shifted the trend of analysing net business profit to recognising the value of gross profit. Calculation of gross profit is done by subtracting the cost of the products from total revenue. This has been helping the analysts in understanding the current mode of cash flow in the market as well as in the business (Saebi Foss, 2015). The flow of cash is directly proportionate to the increase in gross profit in a business. The following essay is going to examine and then comprehend the actuality of busin ess model through analysing the same. The proposed business model has been designed by Mitsuru Kodama. The suggested business model is based on the Japanese business firms (Birasnav, 2014). Kodama theorises that the concept of business model can be comprehended through the practical orientation and activity based systems. He does not support the theoretical practice of the business model that may result in superficial activity of business analysis (Becerra-Fernandez Sabherwal, 2015). In his paper Boundaries Innovation and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese Firm, Mitsuru Kodama has designed a new frame work which has been termed as knowledge integration model. Knowledge integration model is quite distinctive in terms of business analysis is quite distinctive to the firms of Japan. The researcher of this paper, Kodama has theorised that there are four primary components in knowledge integration. These components are internal knowledge of the firm, creation and generation of new knowledge in the business and market arena that is directed by external knowledge networks. External knowledge is capitalised by the external stakeholders of an organisation. They are the exter nal partners and the customers. The analyst has designed the model in order to understand the conceptions of new boundary. The idea of new boundary is further conceptualised by creativity and dialectic views. New knowledge creation is fostered by the concept of dynamic human networks and structure and shape of knowledge integration process. Kodama has validated the sub-models through the innovation of boundaries. Justification of the business model has two basic discernments. These are: Vertical value chain model Co-evolution model The following diagram shows the business model designed and proposed by Kodama. Fig 1; Kodamas Knowledge Integration Model Source: Kodama, 2009 Knowledge integration is all about the implementation of knowledge process in business management. Since most of the firms are run based on the current market trends, it has two fold impacts upon the structure of their business model. Knowledge related concepts are to be advanced while running a successful business (Caridi?Zahavi, Carmeli Arazy, 2015). The immanent notion of the firms in terms of their boundaries designs the basis of the entire framework for business strategies and model. The researcher of the case has put vital emphasis on the value chain analysis as it is the foundation of total business (Wang, Noe Wang, 2014). The entire components of the business such as the infrastructure, technological advancement, availability of strong and skilled workforce, established supply chain management are the core and innate determinants for the success of a business (Hsiao, Neuhold Sacks-Davis, 2014). An ideal business model, according to Kodama, is expected to improvise strategies to extend the boundaries of value chain of a firm (Holsapple, 2013).. Kodama has categorised the boundaries of a firm in two segments. These are the vertical and horizontal boundaries (Hasanali, 2015). Vertical boundaries of a firm create the value chin activities whereas the horizontal boundaries of it create the opportunities for expansion and integ ration of different technologies. Having gone through the business model structure by Kodama, it can be clearly stated that it is designed on the basis of external and internal network foundation of a firm (Hislop, 2013). In case of the creation of knowledge in a business firm, two spheres are taken from the knowledge integration. These are New boundary conceptions Dynamic human networks- structure of the process of knowledge integration. The process of knowledge creation flows through different working genres. In the beginning, the knowledge is created from both the internal and external factors. The main focus remains on the external workforce. Horizontal specialisation in Japanese business model is quite different from that of the Western business model. In case of Japanese business environment, the firms realise that vertically integrated networks are exploited by the new products. Kodama has exemplified a Japanese telecommunication firm, NTT DoCoMo and its product i-mode that has created a unique business model influenced by vertically integrated value chain associated with the external networks. Kodama further emphasized on the collaboration of the internal and external stakeholders in a business thus creating a synergy and helping construct a strong business model. In case of knowledge integration model the researcher has developed an idea of knowledge sharing. He elucidated that human networking system is the prime advantage for a business to develop. Kodama has used a word- Coherence. Coherence refers to the integration and collaboration of knowledge based activities within a firm. Structural development of a business is directly proportionate to the structural development of the workforce (Hollensen, 2015). Dynamic participation of multiple practitioners brings the qualitative expertise of the stakeholders as it extends the boundary of working. Hence most of the business firms now tend to incorporate various concepts of acquiring potential workforce as well as the idea of extending the strong business boundaries. Therefore, the basic modular concept of Kodamas business structure is that the business firms need to strengthen the workforce integration through vertical network integration. It implies creation of professional and emotional bond among the existing workforce in a company. Moreover, the knowledge of integration can be strengthened through the extension of the business boundaries of the firms. It is associated with implementation of advanced technologies. The other dimension of this proposed model is the coherence of the external and internal stakeholders of accompany. These stakeholders may be the suppliers of products that a specific business firm procure from them or may be the business partners of the main business wing. In order to relate the conceptualised business model of Kodama, the essay looks into the business strategies of McDonalds. McDonalds is one of the largest fast food =chain networks in the world. It has several wings around the world covering almost fifty countries. McDonalds broad business boundary can be related to the Knowledge of Integration model. Since the business of McDonalds is based on the franchises, the network and boundaries can be the major concern of the company. Though the company has different business model and strategies of its own, t can be easily related to the model designed by Kodama. Kodamas model prefers the integration of the stakeholders and the relation of the value chain process with its final product. Innovation of the business boundaries is highly recommended to the business like franchise networking system of McDonalds or any other fast food chain business organisations in the world. Since the head branch of the company is located far away from the divi sional franchises, boundary development model can be implemented upon the business strategies of it. Reference: Becerra-Fernandez, I., Sabherwal, R. (2015).Knowledge management. Routledge,. Birasnav, M. (2014). Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), 1622-1629. Caridi?Zahavi, O., Carmeli, A., Arazy, O. (2015). The Influence of CEOs' Visionary Innovation Leadership on the Performance of High?Technology Ventures: The Mediating Roles of Connectivity and Knowledge Integration.Journal of Product Innovation Management. Dudin, M. N., Kucuri, G. N., Fedorova, I. J. E., Dzusova, S. S., Namitulina, A. Z. (2015). The innovative business model canvas in the system of effective budgeting. From, C. P. N. R., Rules, A. E., Employers, U. F., Stands, R. V., Threats, D. F., Its, B. A. E., Judge, N. L. R. B. (2015). In a Landmark Decision, Board Radically Expands Definition of Joint Employer. Hasanali, F. (2015). Critical Success Factors of Knowledge Management (2002). Hislop, D. (2013).Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Hollensen, S. (2015).Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Holsapple, C. (Ed.). (2013).Handbook on knowledge management 1: Knowledge matters(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Hsiao, D. K., Neuhold, E. J., Sacks-Davis, R. (2014, May). Knowledge based integration of heterogeneous databases. InInteroperable Database Systems (DS-5): Proceedings of the IFIP WG2. 6 Database Semantics Conference on Interoperable Database Systems (DS-5) Lorne, Victoria, Australia, 16-20 November, 1992(Vol. 25, p. 155). Elsevier. Saebi, T., Foss, N. J. (2015). Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions.European Management Journal,33(3), 201-213. Wang, S., Noe, R. A., Wang, Z. M. (2014). Motivating knowledge sharing in knowledge management systems: A quasifield experiment.Journal of Management,40(4), 978-1009.